Diabetic Retinopathy is damage to the light-sensitive retina in the back of the eye caused by type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Chronic high blood sugar levels from the disease damage tiny blood vessels in the retina, causing them to leak fluid or blood into the retinal tissues. Damages to retinal blood vessels also cause bleeding into the posterior chamber of the eye that contains the normally clear vitreous gel. Eventually, these changes cause irreparable damage to the retina and lead to vision problems that cannot be corrected with eyeglasses or contact lenses. Diabetic retinopathy is associated with the proliferation of a protein called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the retina. VEGF stimulates the production of new blood vessels in the retina to bring more oxygen to the tissue because retinal blood circulation is inadequate due to diabetes. Laser treatment of diabetic eye disease generally targets damaged eye tissue. Some lasers treat leaking blood vessels directly by "spot welding" and sealing the area of leakage (photocoagulation). Other lasers eliminate abnormal blood vessels that form from neovascularization. Retinal bleeding and vitreous hemorrhage also can cause bands of scar tissue to form. These bands of scar tissue can cause traction on the retina that may lead to a retinal detachment. If you have been diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy and experience flashes of light and a sudden loss of peripheral vision (both are symptoms of a detached retina), see DR. ANIL SOLANKI at D R EYE CARE CENTRE immediately.
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